describe the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation

Dual nature of EM waves - law EM radiation is so-named because it has electric and magnetic fields that simultaneously oscillate in planes mutually perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation through space. Though it was immediately suspected, following Röntgen’s discovery, that X-rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation, this proved very difficult to establish. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. As Albert Einstein wrote:. Dover Road and Pretoria Avenue, Randburg, South Africa. In this lesson we describe EM radiation as a wave and a particle with properties of both. It is Expressed in cycles per second (cps) or Hz. Explain the dual nature of electrons. Light and other electromagnetic radiations have dual nature viz: the particle nature and the wave nature. Chemistry Journal 2.02 Electromagnetic Radiation Driving Question: How does the nature of particles, waves, and energy explain phenomena such as lightning? De Broglie’s prediction was confirmed experimentally when it was found that an electron beam undergoes diffraction, a phenomenon characteristic of waves. Expressed in m/sec. unit is m. and practical unit is angstrom (Å). Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Waves An electromagnetic wave is an energy wave that has both a magnetic field and an electrical field. We understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a wave diffraction experiment. And nature agreed with Niels Bohr. Finally, we understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a particle - photoelectric effect. (ii) Intensity of radiation can be understood in terms of number of photons falling per second on the surface. de Broglie in 1924 proposed that matter, like radiation, should also exhibit dual behaviour i.e., both particle and wave like properties. 2nd PUC Physics Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Five Marks Questions and Answers. A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked. He said that when an electron is in an allowed orbit, the electron will not produce electromagnetic radiation. Visible light represents only a small portion of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (as … Cnr. Unlike sound waves or water waves, electromagnetic waves do not require medium and can move in vacuum. Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). This means that just as the photon has momentum as well as wavelength, electrons should also have momentum as well as wavelength. Resources: Notes: Nature of Light: Light Energy: Light is energy. For an overview of electromagnetic radiation's dual nature, work through this collection of science lessons. Electrons can behave like waves or particles…they behave as particles when orbiting in the electron cloud and then act like waves when they interact with other substances in a defined position. This kind of radiation is pure energy with no mass and is like vibrating or pulsating waves of electrical and magnetic energy. Key Ideas and Terms Notes Define frequency. Describe the observed facts of photoelectric effect. The emission of energy in the form of waves. Bohr also made up a new rule to explain the stability of the hydrogen atom --- why it could last longer than 0.000000000001 second. Energy less than quantum can never be absorbed or emitted. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). Electromagnetic Spectrum All forms of electromagnetic radiation banded together. This is no clearer than when considering the photoelectric effect, where photons knock electrons out … • Light travels through the vacuum of space – unlike sound. The term electromagnetic radiation, coined by Sir James Clerk Maxwell, is derived from the characteristic electric and magnetic properties common to all forms of this wave-like energy, as manifested by the generation of both electrical and magnetic oscillating fields as the waves propagate through space. The wavelengths associated with ordinary objects are so short (because of their large masses) that their wave properties cannot be detected. The energy of a photon E and the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation associated with it are related in the following way: \[E=h \upsilon \label{2}\] where h is a universal constant of nature called Planck’s constant with the value 6.6262 × 10 –34 J s. The application of Equation \(\ref{2}\) is best shown by an example. Each quanta has definite amount of energy which depends upon frequency of radiation. Particle Nature of Light or Planck’s Quantum Theory: Quantum theory was given by Max Planck in 1900. In a vacuum, all electromagnetic radiation travels at the same incredible speed of 3.00 × 10 8 m/s, which is equal to 671 million miles per hour. It refers to wave-particle duality as it is known today. These changing fields form electromagnetic waves. X-Ray, Ultraviolet Light, Infrared Light, microwaves, and radio waves are forms of electromagnetic radiation. Describe the relationship between visible light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays. Types of Electromagnetic Wave Behavior. (2) This presented a new wave mechanical theory of matter. Some microscopic particles like electrons also exhibit this wave-particle duality. Light • Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation. These fields are transmitted in the forms of waves called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic waves are produced by a vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and a magnetic component. Electricity can be static, like the energy that can make your hair stand on end. 1hυ, 2hυ, 3hυ etc. VHS: The Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation - Chapter Summary. After all, many of us humans like to have one right answer. its S.I. Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave.It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. The wavelengths associated with electrons and other subatomic particles (with very small mass) can, however, be detected experimentally. Absorption and emission of radiant energy does not takes place continuously but it takes place in the form of packets of energy. Question 1. In this live Grade 12 Physical Sciences show we take a look at the Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. The dual nature of radiation here basically mean ‘the wave nature’ and ‘the particle nature’. Radiations are considered to be transmitted by wave motion. FQ: What are the characteristics of waves? The only way to resolve the dilemma was to accept the idea that light possesses both particle and wave-like properties, i.e., light has dual behaviour. The arrangement of different electromagnetic radiations in order of increasing wavelength is called electromagnetic spectrum. But Einstein paved the way in 1905 by embracing wave-particle duality.We've already discussed the photoelectric effect, which led Einstein to describe light as a photon. Particle nature could explain the black body radiation and photoelectric effect satisfactorily but on the other hand, it was not consistent with the known wave behaviour of light which could account for the phenomena of interference and diffraction. The quantum of energy is always an integer. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined as a form of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a matter or vacuum or by oscillating magnetic and electric disturbance. Light has a dual nature 1.Sometimes it behaves like a particle (called a photon), which explains how light travels in straight lines 2. The light which is a form of radiation from the Sun, also possess dual nature. We understand the conditions under which EM radiation behaves as a wave diffraction experiment. The distance between two consecutive troughs or consecutive crests is called as the wavelength (λ). In this live Grade 12 Physical Sciences show we take a look at the Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. Bohr did not explain why, he just proposed a new law of nature. The Dual Nature of the Electron. Whenever radiation interacts with the matter, it displays particle like properties in contrast to the wavelike properties (interference and diffraction), which it exhibits when it propagates. He suggested that when electrically charged particles move with an acceleration alternating electrical and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. The photoelectric effect could be explained considering that radiations consist of small packets of energy called quanta. It needs to be noted that according to de Broglie, every object in motion has a wave character. Electromagnetic Radiation as both Waves & Particles Electromagnetic waves travel at 3 x 108m∙s-1with many of the properties of waves such as: - Reflection - Refraction - Diffraction Electromagnetic radiation also behaves like a particle when absorption in materials occurs. This fact has been put to use in making an electron microscope, which is based on the wave-like the behaviour of electrons just as an ordinary microscope utilizes the wave nature of light. Dual Behaviour of Electromagnetic Radiation. Consequently, a photon possesses both the characteristics of a particle and wave. At first, physicists were reluctant to accept the dual nature of light. Thus light has dual nature. In this live Grade 12 Physical Sciences show we take a look at the Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. An electron microscope is a powerful tool in modern scientific research because it achieves a magnification of about 15 million times. Magnetism can also be static, as it is in a refrigerator magnet. Depending on the experimental circumstances, EM radiation appears to have either a wavelike or a particlelike (photon) character.. Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) who was working on his Ph.D. degree at the time, made a daring hypothesis: Basic features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation : (i) Radiation behaves as if it is made of particles like photons. The Nature of Light: Objectives: 1. where m is the mass of the particle, v its velocity and p its momentum. A wave consist of crests and troughs. Your email address will not be published. • Light travels as an electromagnetic wave. This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum … the number of waves that pass by a fixed point during a given amount of time FQ: In what ways do electrons act as particles and waves? Daniel T. DeBaun is an internationally recognized and influential expert in Electromagnetic Radiation (EMF) and shielding electronic emissions, with a particular focus on the effect of exposure from mobile devices such as laptops, tablets and cell phones. Therefore, you can recall the popular adage that “light is not only a wave but also a particle”. Sometimes it behaves like a wave, which explains how light bends (or diffracts) around an object 3. Quantum is the smallest denomination of energy. Describe the dual-nature of an electromagnetic wave. 2. Electromagnetic radiation has the dual nature: its exhibits wave properties and particulate (photon) properties. Despite the odd nature of photons, scientists prior to Einstein had long suspected that the fundamental particle of electromagnetic radiation shared properties with our more macroscopic particles. A. These packets of energy can be treated as particles. The second basic type of radiation is electromagnetic radiation. Optical Phenomena and Properties of Materials, States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory, Instantaneous Speed, Velocity & Equations of Motion, Newton's Laws and Applications -1st, 2nd & 3rd laws, Newton's Laws and Applications - Universal Gravitation, Atomic Combinations - Molecular Structure, Electricity & Magnetism - Electrostatics, Electricity & Magnetism - Electromagnetism, Electricity & Magnetism - Electric Circuits, Chemical Change - Energy and Chemical Change, Chemical Change - Types of Reactions (Acids & Bases), Chemical Change - Types of Reactions (Redox Reactions), Chemical Systems - Exploiting the Lithosphere, The Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation. It can be emitted as whole number multiple of quantum I.e. The number of waves passing through any point in unit time (1 sec) is known as frequency (υ). 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